Mini-lesson: 9

A single degree changes the taste.

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+1 °C helps when a shot is under-extracted or too sour—sweetness and body will emerge.

But if you overheat, bitterness and flatness show up, especially with dark roasts.

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Drill: pull one shot at your baseline temperature, then at +1 °C and −1 °C.

Taste and write down the differences.

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